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[2004-07-30]
卡羅維斯低地
Caloris Planitia
| 天體 |
水星 |
| 緯度 |
30.5N |
| 經度 |
189.8W |
| 名稱屬地 |
拉丁 |
| 採用年份 |
1976 |
| 名稱記載 |
Lists
of names for Mercury nomenclature, provided by David Morrison |
| 名稱由來 |
"炎熱的平原"，這裏表面溫度最高 |
卡羅維斯低地 Caloris
Planitia
Credit :: JPL
[PIA03102] |
水星上最著名的是位於卡羅維斯低地(Caloris
Planitia，俗稱 Caloris Basin)上直徑達1300km的巨大隕石坑，這隕石坑的直徑達水星自身直徑的1/4。這隕石坑包圍的地方就是卡羅維斯低地，外圍的是卡羅維斯山(Caloris
Montes)。由於受到非常巨大的撞擊，在水星表面上形成卡羅維斯隕石坑，不單如此，卡羅維斯撞擊的影響還穿過水星的核心，撞擊的衝擊波透過水星表面和地核的傳播到達卡羅維斯的對極，令那兒的地殼突起來，形成了很多山與及線條狀的地形。(這種地形不存在於水星的其他地方)像這樣的因巨大撞擊而成的對極地形，於月球和木衛四卡尼斯托也有發現。
卡羅維斯是拉丁文「熱」的意思，其實每個星球上的地形特徵都有既定的命名方法，以水星為例，平原會用「水星」的不同語言來命名，隕石坑會引用著名的藝術家、音樂家、畫家、作家的名字。卡羅維斯位於水星的「熱極」(hot
pole)上，每當水星過近日點時，太陽就會長時間停留照射於卡羅維斯之上，就像一個灼熱地獄，卡羅維斯也因而得名。行星環繞太陽公轉速度的快慢，由該行星離太陽的位置遠近而定，就算是同一顆行星，公轉的速度也時快時慢，於近日點快，遠日點慢。由於水星很接近太陽，過近日點時的公轉速度快得超過了水星本身的自轉速度，致使出現一個奇怪的現象，若果有人站在卡羅維斯上看著太陽在天上的移動，會看見太陽首先停止移動，然後更向相反方向逆行，等水星遠離近日點才回復正常。
| Object |
Mercury |
| Lat |
30.5N |
| Long |
189.8W |
| Ethnic
group |
Latin |
| Year
adopted |
1976 |
| Name
source |
Lists
of names for Mercury nomenclature, provided by David Morrison |
| Name
origin |
"Hot
plain"; surface temperature hottest near this position |
The
most famous feature on Mercury is the 1300km diameter impact crater
located at Caloris Planitia (or informally Caloris Basin), where its
size is as large as 1/4 of Mercury's diameter. The crater floor is Caloris
Planitia and surounded by Caloris Montes. This crater was formed during
a very large impact 3.6 billion years ago, shockwaves of this impact
even travelled through Mercury's surface and core, created hilly and
lineated terrain on its antipode. This unique features only exist on
Caloris and its antipode. While this kind of landscape formed during
huge impact can also be found on the Moon and Callisto, the Jovian moon.
Calois
is the word "hot" in Latin. We name this planitia as Caloris
as it is located at Mercury's "hot pole", our Sun would directly
shine on Caloris when Mercury is at perihelion. At perihelion, Mercury
moves so swiftly that, its self rotation slower than its orbital speed,
therefore from the vantage of someone on the surface, the sun would
appear to stop in the sky and go backward - until the planet's rotation
catches up and makes the sun go forward again.
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